Understand the condition before the treatment.
Clear explanations of symptoms, causes and diagnosis, and an honest view of when surgery is considered. Each page links only to medically relevant procedures.
Spine
Spine
Herniated Disc
A herniated disc happens when the soft centre of a spinal disc pushes through a tear in its tougher outer wall and irri…
Spine
Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative disc disease is the age-related drying, thinning and weakening of the cushioning discs between the spine b…
Spine
Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the channels that carry the spinal cord and nerves, most often from age-related arthr…
Spine
Sciatica
Sciatica is pain that travels along the sciatic nerve, from the lower back through the buttock and down one leg. It is…
Spine
Cervical Radiculopathy
Cervical radiculopathy is irritation or compression of a nerve root in the neck, so that pain, tingling, numbness or we…
Spine
Lumbar Radiculopathy
Lumbar radiculopathy is a problem of one or more nerve roots in the lower back that are pinched, swollen or irritated.…
Spine
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one spinal bone slips forward over the bone below it. It can happen from a st…
Spine
Scoliosis
Scoliosis is a sideways curve of the spine, usually with some twisting of the vertebrae, that measures 10 degrees or mo…
Spine
Kyphosis
Kyphosis is an excessive forward rounding of the upper back, usually defined as a curve above 45 degrees on a side X-ra…
Spine
Vertebral Compression Fractures
Vertebral compression fractures are breaks in which the front of a spinal bone collapses into a wedge shape, most often…
Unsure about your diagnosis? Get a second opinion.
A subspecialist reviews your imaging and reports and tells you plainly whether surgery is indicated.